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    "p25: the earliest announcement date of the outcome",
    "p8: only the initial date of MSWG intervention in that year has been taken - sending a letter (7)"
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    "p12: Cumulative average abnormal returns are calculated using the market model design with an estimation period of 255 days ending 20 days before the announcement.",
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    "p30: dummy variable equal to 1 for activist shareholders that agree and support managers' strategies, 0 otherwise.",
    "p30: dummy variable equal to 1 for activist shareholders that not agree and support managers' strategies, 0 otherwise.",
    "p21: Institutional Sponsor",
    "One day later, t+1"
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   "name": "Proposals",
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    "max": 1.0,
    "mean": 0.256462,
    "sd": 0.436791
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   "binary": true
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   "name": "Negotiation",
   "normalized": "negotiation",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
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   "binary": true
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   "name": "Proxy",
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   "name": "Prop_Neg/Proxy",
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   "name": "Prop+Neg+Proxy",
   "normalized": "prop_neg_proxy",
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   "n_missing": 1,
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   "stats": {
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    "p25": 0.0,
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   "binary": true
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   "name": "Litigation",
   "normalized": "litigation",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
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   "binary": true
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   "name": "ActivismOther",
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   "name": "IV more vars",
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   "normalized": "datastart_y",
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   "name": "dataend_y",
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   "name": "datastart_mqh",
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   "name": "dataend_mqh",
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   "name": "Length",
   "normalized": "length",
   "dtype": "str",
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    " ",
    "Length"
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   "name": "TotalObs",
   "normalized": "totalobs",
   "dtype": "float64",
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    "max": 11884.0,
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  },
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   "name": "Daily",
   "normalized": "daily",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
   "n_unique": 2,
   "stats": {
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    "median": 1.0,
    "p75": 1.0,
    "max": 1.0,
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   "binary": true
  },
  {
   "name": "Monthly",
   "normalized": "monthly",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
   "n_unique": 2,
   "stats": {
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    "p25": 0.0,
    "median": 0.0,
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    "sd": 0.160232
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   "binary": true
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   "name": "Data source",
   "normalized": "data_source",
   "dtype": "str",
   "n_missing": 0,
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   "top_values": [
    "p9: The respective information for each fund is collected from the fund\u2019s webpage (if available), newspapers, magazines, and from the Center for International Securities and Derivatives Markets (CISDM).",
    "p3: We merge all Schedule 13D and DFAN 14A filings from the SEC\u2019s EDGAR database for the13-year period from the third quarter of 1993 through the third quarter of 2006.",
    "p9: Wahal, 1996 + Wall Street Journal using the ProQuest online databases + Calpers Focus list release",
    "p5: Lexis-Nexis, p10: CRSP",
    "p5: hand-collected, US - 13D Monitor"
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  },
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   "name": "Region (text)",
   "normalized": "region_text",
   "dtype": "str",
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   "top_values": [
    "US",
    "Germany",
    "UK",
    "Malaysia",
    "Japan"
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  },
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   "normalized": "number_of_countries_text",
   "dtype": "float64",
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  },
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   "name": "Number of firms/events",
   "normalized": "number_of_firms_events",
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   "n_unique": 222,
   "top_values": [
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    "47 firms, 63 announcemments",
    "41 firms/events",
    "548 firms",
    "p29: The final sample consists of 253 potentially activist minority stakes in 140 target firms between January 1999 and May 2011, consistent with the number of events in the studies of shareholder activism in Germany by Bessler et al. (2010) and Drerup (2010)."
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  },
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   "name": "Subsample specification (text)",
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   "dtype": "str",
   "n_missing": 1,
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    "Buy stocks",
    "Sell stocks",
    "Full sample",
    "EW CRSP - Full sample",
    "VW CRSP - Full sample"
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   "normalized": "us",
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   "binary": true
  },
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   "normalized": "europe",
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   "binary": true
  },
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   "name": "Asia",
   "normalized": "asia",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
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   "binary": true
  },
  {
   "name": "Model and page (text)",
   "normalized": "model_and_page_text",
   "dtype": "str",
   "n_missing": 0,
   "n_unique": 52,
   "top_values": [
    "p13: simple",
    "p14: simple",
    "p17: simple",
    "p8: simple",
    "p21: simple"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "SE clustered/robust",
   "normalized": "se_clustered_robust",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
   "n_unique": 2,
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    "median": 0.0,
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   "binary": true
  },
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   "name": "SE adjustment (text)",
   "normalized": "se_adjustment_text",
   "dtype": "str",
   "n_missing": 0,
   "n_unique": 30,
   "top_values": [
    "0",
    "p12: Test statistics are calculated using the standardized residual method with a correction for eveninduced variance suggested by Boehmer et al. (1991).",
    "p19: T-statistics use standard errors with White (1980) correction for heteroskedasticity and adjusted for clustering of observations on each firm",
    "p9: but assumes no cross-sectional dependence in abnormal returns. t-statistic of Boehmer et al. (1991) uses a standardized residual method as in Patell (1976), but then adds a correction for event-induced variance.",
    "Boehmer Test as proposed in Boehmer, Musumeci and Poulsen (1991) is a modification of the traditional T-Test, which is robust towards event-induced variance"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Control variables + page (text)",
   "normalized": "control_variables_page_text",
   "dtype": "str",
   "n_missing": 55,
   "n_unique": 46,
   "top_values": [
    "0",
    "p19: many of the - please check and fill",
    "p13: volume",
    "p9: \u03b21   Hedge Funds \u00fe \u03b22   Market Cap\u00fe \u03b23   ROA \u00fe \u03b24   Book to Market \u00fe \u03b25   Nasdaq\u2010listing \u00fe \u03b26   Finance Firm\u00fe \u03b27   Percentage of Shares Held on Filing Date\u00fe \u03b28   Call Option \u00fe \u03b29   Put Option ",
    "p25: CAR lagged, earning_sup (earnings divided by stock price), ROA, lag_size, discretionary accruals, year + industry + market indicators"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "RoA",
   "normalized": "roa",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
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   "binary": true
  },
  {
   "name": "Size",
   "normalized": "size",
   "dtype": "float64",
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    "max": 1.0,
    "mean": 0.18297,
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   },
   "binary": true
  },
  {
   "name": "Dynamic",
   "normalized": "dynamic",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
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    "max": 1.0,
    "mean": 0.078054,
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   "binary": true
  },
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   "name": "Estimation methodology (text)",
   "normalized": "estimation_methodology_text",
   "dtype": "str",
   "n_missing": 0,
   "n_unique": 56,
   "top_values": [
    "p14: OLS (probably)",
    "p13: OLS (probably)",
    "p8: OLS (probably)",
    "p17: OLS (probably)",
    "p6: OLS (probably)"
   ]
  },
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   "name": "OLS",
   "normalized": "ols",
   "dtype": "float64",
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   "binary": true
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   "name": "IV",
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   "binary": true
  },
  {
   "name": "Panel FE",
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   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
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   "stats": {
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   "binary": true
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  {
   "name": "Otherest",
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   "dtype": "float64",
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   "binary": true
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   "name": "Impact",
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   "name": "Cit",
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    "mean": 316.794222,
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  },
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   "name": "First year in GS",
   "normalized": "first_year_in_gs",
   "dtype": "float64",
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   "n_unique": 28,
   "stats": {
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    "p25": 2004.0,
    "median": 2010.0,
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   "name": "Region (text).1",
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   "name": "Midyear.1",
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   "name": "Concatenate",
   "normalized": "concatenate",
   "dtype": "str",
   "n_missing": 0,
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   "top_values": [
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    "US2000",
    "US1990",
    "US1994,5",
    "US1998,5"
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   "name": "English-origin",
   "normalized": "english_origin",
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   "binary": true
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   "name": "French-origin",
   "normalized": "french_origin",
   "dtype": "float64",
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   "binary": true
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  {
   "name": "German-origin",
   "normalized": "german_origin",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
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   "binary": true
  },
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   "name": "Scandinavian-origin",
   "normalized": "scandinavian_origin",
   "dtype": "float64",
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   "n_unique": 1,
   "stats": {
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   "binary": true
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  {
   "name": "antidirector rights",
   "normalized": "antidirector_rights",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
   "n_unique": 9,
   "stats": {
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    "median": 5.0,
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    "mean": 4.203075,
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  },
  {
   "name": "Regulatory disclosure threshold",
   "normalized": "regulatory_disclosure_threshold",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
   "n_unique": 10,
   "stats": {
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   "name": "Rule_of_Law",
   "normalized": "rule_of_law",
   "dtype": "float64",
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  },
  {
   "name": "Cap_GDP",
   "normalized": "cap_gdp",
   "dtype": "float64",
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   "stats": {
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    "median": 87.973888,
    "p75": 139.753441,
    "max": 209.604096,
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  },
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   "name": "HHI",
   "normalized": "hhi",
   "dtype": "float64",
   "n_missing": 1,
   "n_unique": 53,
   "stats": {
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    "max": 0.647144,
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   "name": "Sarbanes_Oxley",
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   "dtype": "float64",
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    "p25": 0.0,
    "median": 0.0,
    "p75": 0.0,
    "max": 1.0,
    "mean": 0.100355,
    "sd": 0.300549
   },
   "binary": true
  }
 ]
}