Representative aggregate estimate for no-PDF (yellow) study; author preference unknowable. Value -0.405 confirmed against Dahl DEDD ref PSA99 (El LR -0.405); Dahl cross-check CONFIRMED.
Pesaran, H. M., R. P. Smith, and T. Akiyama (1999): "Energy Demand in Asian Developing Economies." Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom