Authors emphasize FE2SLS to address endogeneity of price/income/lagged demand and use the FE2SLS long-run elasticities from Eq.(2) (models B residential, D industrial) for the consumer-surplus welfare calculation; Table 5 reports LR elasticities from B and D only || 'the fixed effects two-stage least squares estimator (FE2SLS) is used in the estimation of Equations (1) and (2)' (p.8); 'we evaluate the size of the decrease in consumer surplus ... based on the long-run price elasticity estimated in Equation (2)' (p.11)
Otsuka, A. (2023): "Lessons from Regional Electricity Demand Change following Natural Disasters in Japan." Regional Science Policy & Practice.