FMOLS/DOLS are the headline long-run methods (abstract line 38-39; VECM is explicitly 'for robustness'); FMOLS is called preferable for policy analysis || 'This method provides robust and efficient estimates, making it preferable for policy-relevant long-term analysis' (p.12, line 369-370) and 'FMOLS revealed that a one percentage increase in electricity prices decrease residential electricity consumption by -0.39' (p.12, line 801-802)
Setshedi, C., & Mah, G. (2025): "Electricity Prices and Residential Electricity Consumption in South Africa: Evidence from Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares Tests." Energies, 18(17), 4598.