# meta-analysis.cz > Data, code, and papers for meta-analyses in economics and the social sciences, by Tomas Havranek, Zuzana Irsova, and their co-authors at Charles University, Prague. Each paper page links the full-text PDF and, for most papers, the dataset and estimation code. > **Licence: everything on this site is CC BY 4.0** (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) — the papers, the datasets, their CSV and Parquet conversions, the pooled table, the codebooks and this documentation. You may use, adapt and redistribute any of it, including commercially and including as training data for machine-learning models. The only condition is attribution: cite the source paper for a dataset, and the collection as DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21773678. ## Papers - [Does Shareholder Activism Create Value? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/activism/): Meta-analysis of 1,973 estimates from 67 studies finds shareholder activism raises stock prices by 0% to 1.5% after correcting for publication bias. - [What Matters in Explaining the Variation in Hedge Fund Performance? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/alphas/): Meta-analysis of 1,019 estimates from 74 studies identifies which factors explain the variation in hedge fund performance; net performance is near zero. - [A Meta-Analysis of the Trade Cost Elasticity](https://meta-analysis.cz/armington/): Meta-analysis of 3,524 estimates finds the Armington trade elasticity is 2.5-5.1 after correcting for publication bias. - [Beauty and Professional Success: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/beauty/): A meta-analysis of 1,159 estimates: the beauty premium in earnings and productivity is small once publication bias and cognitive ability are addressed. - [A Meta-Analysis of Horizontal Spillovers from FDI](https://meta-analysis.cz/bma/): Meta-analysis of 1205 estimates finds horizontal FDI spillovers average zero, shaped by technology gap and ownership structure. - [Do Borders Really Slash Trade? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/border/): Meta-analysis of 1,271 estimates from 61 studies finds methodological choices shrink the true border effect on trade. - [Class Size and Student Achievement: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/class/): A meta-analysis of 2,819 estimates from 66 studies finds little publication bias and a negligible class size effect on student achievement. - [Publication Bias in Measuring Anthropogenic Climate Change](https://meta-analysis.cz/climate/): Meta-analysis of 48 estimates finds publication bias inflates climate sensitivity; corrected range is 1.4-2.3°C. - [Bank Competition and Financial Stability: Much Ado About Nothing?](https://meta-analysis.cz/competition/): A meta-analysis of 598 estimates from 31 studies finding little relationship between bank competition and financial stability. - [Reducing the biases of the conventional meta-analysis of correlations](https://meta-analysis.cz/correlations/): Simulations show UWLS+3 and PET-PEESE reduce small-sample and publication-selection bias in meta-analyses of correlations. - [Does Multi-Agent Debate Improve AI Feedback on Research Papers?](https://meta-analysis.cz/debate/): Preregistered evaluation of whether multi-agent AI debate improves the quality of AI-generated feedback on research papers. - [Individual Discount Rates: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Evidence](https://meta-analysis.cz/discrate/): Meta-analysis of experimental discount-rate estimates finds publication bias and a corrected mean annual rate of 0.33. - [Does Daylight Saving Save Electricity? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/dst/): A meta-analysis of 162 estimates from 44 studies finds daylight saving time saves essentially no electricity: 0.01% after correction, against a 0.34% simple average of reported estimates. - [Publication Bias in Measuring the Impact of Tuition on Enrollment](https://meta-analysis.cz/education/): Meta-analysis of 443 estimates finds the tuition-enrollment elasticity is near zero once publication bias is corrected. - [Publication Bias in Measuring Intertemporal Substitution](https://meta-analysis.cz/eis/): Meta-analysis of 2,735 EIS estimates finds strong selective reporting inflates the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. - [Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/electricity/): Meta-analysis of the price elasticity of electricity demand: no increase in price responsiveness despite ninety years of technological change. - [Do Female Directors Raise ESG Ratings? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/esg/): Meta-analysis of 533 estimates from 106 studies on whether female board directors raise corporate ESG ratings. - [A Meta-Analysis of the Trade Effect of the Euro](https://meta-analysis.cz/euro/): Meta-analysis finds the euro's trade-promoting effect is insignificant once publication bias is corrected for. - [A Meta-Analysis of the Excess Sensitivity of Consumption to Anticipated Income Changes](https://meta-analysis.cz/excess_sensitivity/): Meta-analysis of 144 studies finds little excess sensitivity of consumption once micro data, publication bias, and liquidity constraints are addressed. - [Effect of Exercise on Cognition, Memory, and Executive Function: A Study-Level Meta-Meta-Analysis Across Populations and Exercise Categories](https://meta-analysis.cz/exercise/): Meta-meta-analysis of 2,239 estimates finds publication-bias-adjusted exercise effects on cognition are smaller than commonly reported. - [Foreign Capital and Domestic Productivity in the Czech Republic: A Meta-Regression Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/fdi/): Meta-analysis of 332 estimates finds FDI spillovers raise Czech domestic firm productivity, larger for joint ventures. - [Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/finance_growth/): A meta-analysis of 1334 estimates from 67 studies finds financial development has a positive, heterogeneous effect on economic growth. - [How Puzzling Is the Forward Premium Puzzle? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/forward/): Meta-analysis of 3,643 estimates from 91 studies finds forward rate unbiasedness holds better than commonly thought once biases are corrected. - [Publication and Identification Biases in Measuring the Intertemporal Substitution of Labor Supply](https://meta-analysis.cz/frisch/): Meta-analysis of over 700 estimates finds publication bias inflates the Frisch labor supply elasticity, with a corrected total hours elasticity near 0.25. - [A Meta-Analysis of the Income Elasticity of Gasoline Demand](https://meta-analysis.cz/gasoline/): Meta-regression corrects for publication bias, finding gasoline demand income elasticity of 0.1 short run and 0.23 long run. - [A Meta-Analysis of the Price Elasticity of Gasoline Demand](https://meta-analysis.cz/gasoline_price/): Meta-analysis shows published gasoline demand elasticities are exaggerated twofold due to publication selection bias. - [Meta-Analysis of Social Science Research: A Practitioner’s Guide](https://meta-analysis.cz/guidelines/): Step-by-step guidelines for modern meta-analysis in social sciences, covering publication bias, p-hacking, heterogeneity, and AI-assisted workflows. - [Habit Formation in Consumption: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/habits/): Meta-analysis of 597 estimates finds habit formation averages 0.4, with macro data yielding larger estimates than micro data. - [Hedge Fund Performance: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/hedge/): Quantitative survey of 1,019 hedge fund alpha estimates from 74 studies finds little evidence of publication selection bias. - [When Does Monetary Policy Sway House Prices? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/house_prices/): A meta-analysis of 1,555 estimates from 37 studies across 45 countries finds publication bias exaggerates the effect of interest rates on house prices. - [Financial Incentives and Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Experiments in Economics](https://meta-analysis.cz/incentives/): Meta-analysis of 2,193 estimates finds financial incentives have near-zero corrected effect on performance in most field settings. - [Optimal Inflation Rate: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/inflation/): Meta-analysis of 777 estimates from 116 studies finds an optimal long-run inflation rate near 0.6% per year, below common two-percent central-bank targets. - [Transmission Lags of Monetary Policy: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/lags/): A meta-analysis of 67 studies finds monetary policy transmission lags average 29 months, longer in developed than transition economies. - [Publication Bias and P-Hacking in the Effect of COVID-19 on Learning: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/learning/): Meta-analysis of COVID-19 learning loss: bias-corrected RoBMA and MAIVE estimates converge on about -0.12 SD, roughly 30% of a school year. - [Meta-Analysis Instrumental Variable Estimator](https://meta-analysis.cz/maive/): MAIVE, an instrumental-variable estimator that corrects meta-analysis for spurious precision when standard errors are estimated and can be p-hacked. - [The Elasticity of Substitution between Native and Immigrant Labor: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/migrant/): Meta-analysis of 1,091 estimates finds native-immigrant labor substitution elasticity rises from 13 to about 22 after bias correction. - [Do decisions about outliers and influential effects matter? Evidence from 358 behavioral science meta-analyses](https://meta-analysis.cz/outliers/): Pre-registered analysis of 358 behavioral science meta-analyses: alternative outlier and influence handling treatments barely move the mean but reverse statistical significance in 11.5% of cases. - [Meta-analyses of partial correlations are biased: Detection and solutions](https://meta-analysis.cz/pcc/): Shows all partial-correlation meta-analyses are biased and proposes UWLS+3 to correct small-sample bias. - [How to Solve the Price Puzzle? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/price_puzzle/): Meta-analysis of 1,000 VAR estimates shows the price puzzle stems from model misspecification, not a true price effect. - [Structural Reforms and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/reforms/): Meta-analysis of 60 studies finds structural reforms in transition countries carry short-run costs but strong long-run growth benefits. - [Remittances and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/remittances/): Meta-analysis of 538 estimates finds remittances have a small positive, publication-bias-corrected effect on growth, stronger in Asia than Africa. - [Natural Resources and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/resource_curse/): Meta-analysis of 605 estimates finds weak support for the resource curse once publication bias and methods are addressed. - [Relative Risk Aversion: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/risk/): A meta-analysis of 1,021 estimates from 92 studies finds publication-bias-corrected relative risk aversion near 1 in economics and 2-7 in finance. - [Selective Reporting and the Social Cost of Carbon](https://meta-analysis.cz/scc/): Meta-analysis of 809 SCC estimates from 101 studies finds selective reporting creates an upward bias, especially in peer-reviewed journals. - [Measuring Capital-Labor Substitution: The Importance of Method Choices and Publication Bias](https://meta-analysis.cz/sigma/): Meta-analysis of 3,186 estimates from 121 studies finds the capital-labor elasticity of substitution is 0.3, far below the literature's average of 0.9. - [A Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Firm Size and Stock Returns](https://meta-analysis.cz/size/): First meta-analysis of the size premium finds strong publication bias and a corrected effect of 1.72% in annual returns. - [Publication and Attenuation Biases in Measuring Skill Substitution](https://meta-analysis.cz/skill/): Meta-analysis finds publication bias dominates in skill substitution estimates, implying a mean elasticity of 4. - [A Meta-Analysis of Vertical Spillovers from FDI](https://meta-analysis.cz/spillovers/): A meta-analysis of 3,626 estimates finds vertical FDI spillovers to suppliers are economically significant but spillovers to buyers small. - [Student Employment and Education: A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/students/): Meta-analysis of 861 estimates finds student employment has a negative but economically small effect on educational outcomes. - [Why Does Intertemporal Substitution Vary Across Countries? A Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/substitution/): Meta-analysis of 2,735 estimates across 104 countries links intertemporal substitution to income and stock market participation. - [Trust, Rule of Law, and the Size Premium: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis](https://meta-analysis.cz/trust/): Meta-analysis of 1,613 reported size-premium estimates from 105 studies on how generalized trust and rule of law explain the disagreement across markets. - [Publication Bias in Measuring the Income Elasticity of Water Demand](https://meta-analysis.cz/water/): A meta-analysis finds publication and endogeneity biases inflate reported income elasticities of water demand, with a true elasticity near 0.15. ## Data - **Archived and citable**: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21773678 (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21773678) — the concept DOI, which always resolves to the newest version. Version 1.0.0 specifically is DOI None. Cite the collection AND the individual paper whose data you use. - [Dataset index / data API](https://meta-analysis.cz/api/v1/datasets.json): every dataset on this site as machine-readable JSON — paper, DOI, row counts, file URLs, and which columns hold the effect estimate and its standard error - [Harmonised estimate-level table](https://meta-analysis.cz/data/v1/estimates_harmonised.csv): all literatures pooled into one table, one row per harmonised observation (some literatures contribute one row per impulse-response horizon), with effect, standard error, t-statistic, sample size and shared study characteristics (also [Parquet](https://meta-analysis.cz/data/v1/estimates_harmonised.parquet); beta) - [Per-dataset files](https://meta-analysis.cz/api/v1/datapackage.json): each dataset also published individually as Parquet and CSV, with a column-level codebook giving every variable's type, missingness and summary statistics — all URLs listed in datasets.json - [API documentation](https://meta-analysis.cz/api/v1/README.md): endpoints, usage, licence, and what is deliberately not in the harmonised table ## Resources - [Headline results for every paper](https://meta-analysis.cz/estimates.csv): one row per paper — the parameter, the value the paper headlines, the sample it rests on, and the verbatim sentence from the paper that each figure came from (CSV) - [Full paper index with abstracts and file links](https://meta-analysis.cz/llms-full.txt): one entry per paper, for LLM ingestion - [Sitemap](https://meta-analysis.cz/sitemap.xml): all pages and PDF full texts - [Commentary and interviews](https://meta-analysis.cz/komentare/): op-eds, columns and interviews (mostly Czech); machine index at https://meta-analysis.cz/komentare/llms.txt - [Research notes](https://meta-analysis.cz/notes/): short notes on methods and papers - [EasyMeta](https://www.easymeta.org/): one-click meta-analysis web app (MAIVE, PET-PEESE, clustering) - [MAER-Net](https://www.maer-net.org/): Meta-Analysis of Economics Research Network ## Optional - [MAER-Net 2015 Prague Colloquium program](https://meta-analysis.cz/conference/MAER-Net2015_program.pdf): conference archive under /conference/